What is the opposition to the flow of current in an AC circuit due to capacitance called?

The opposition to the flow of current in an alternating current (AC) circuit due to capacitance is known as capacitive reactance. This phenomenon arises because capacitors store and release energy, affecting the phase and amplitude of the current in the circuit. Capacitive reactance is frequency-dependent, meaning it varies inversely with the frequency of the AC signal; as the frequency increases, the capacitive reactance decreases. This characteristic distinguishes it from other forms of opposition to current, such as resistance, which remains constant regardless of frequency, and inductive reactance, which is related to inductors and behaves differently in response to alternating current. Understanding capacitive reactance is crucial for analyzing and designing AC circuits where capacitors play a significant role.