Northeastern Apprenticeship and Training (NEAT) 3-1 Practice Test

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What condition is expected when a circuit has equal portions of impedance from both inductive and capacitive reactance?

High power factor and voltage leads current

Low power factor and current leads voltage

High power factor and current in phase with voltage

When a circuit exhibits equal portions of impedance from both inductive and capacitive reactance, it is often referred to as a resonant condition. In this scenario, the inductive reactance (which opposes changes in current) and the capacitive reactance (which opposes changes in voltage) effectively cancel each other out. As a result, the overall reactance of the circuit approaches zero.

When the total impedance is minimized, it leads to a situation where the current and voltage are perfectly aligned, meaning they are in phase with each other. This in-phase relationship indicates a high power factor, which is a measure of how effectively electrical power is being converted into useful work output.

In summary, a circuit with equal portions of impedance from both inductive and capacitive reactance is characterized by having the current and voltage in phase, which signifies a high power factor. This is why the correct choice emphasizes that the current is in phase with the voltage.

Low power factor and current out of phase with voltage