For what application are electrolytic capacitors typically used?

Electrolytic capacitors are typically used for starting motors due to their ability to provide a large capacitance in a relatively small package. This high capacitance is essential in applications where quick bursts of energy are required, such as in motor start circuits. When the motor needs to start, the electrolytic capacitor can supply the necessary energy to get the motor running and then be disconnected from the circuit.

In contrast, other applications like high frequency filtering or power factor correction require capacitors with different specifications. High frequency applications often utilize non-polarized capacitors, such as ceramic or film capacitors, which are better suited for handling quick fluctuations in AC signals. Power factor correction typically employs capacitors designed specifically for that purpose, which are rated for continuous duty and thus don't align with the primary use of electrolytic capacitors. Lastly, while storing energy for battery backups is a valid function of certain capacitors, it is generally more suited to other types of capacitors that can maintain performance across a wider range of voltages and conditions.